Study on the correlation between swallowing difficulties, malnutrition, and quality of life after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难与营养不良及生活质量的相关性研究

摘要

目的 探讨鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难与营养不良及生活质量的相关性研究。方法 选择2024年1月-2025年1月期间接收的鼻咽癌患者156例，采用标准吞咽功能评定量表（SSA）、患者主观整体营养状况评估量表（PG-SGA）及欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量核心量表（EORTC QLQ-C30）分别评估其吞咽功能、营养状况及生活质量。根据SSA评分将患者分为轻度吞咽困难组（n=89）与中重度吞咽困难组（n=67），比较两组营养不良发生率、PG-SGA总分及生活质量各维度得分，并进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 中重度吞咽困难组营养不良发生率为71.64%（48/67），显著高于轻度组的28.09%（25/89）（P＜0.05）；PG-SGA总分（14.25±3.61vs8.56±2.93）更高（P＜0.05）。中重度组在EORTC QLQ-C30的得分均显著低于轻度组（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示，吞咽困难与营养不良呈显著正相关（r=0.658，P＜0.001），与生活质量评分呈显著负相关（r=−0.612，P＜0.001）。结论 鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难程度越重，营养不良风险越高，生活质量越差。

Abstract

Objective Exploring the correlation between swallowing difficulties, malnutrition, and quality of life after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Methods 156 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were admitted between January 2024 and January 2025 were selected. Their swallowing function, nutritional status, and quality of life were evaluated using the Standard Swallowing Function Assessment (SSA), Patient Subjective Global Nutritional Status Assessment (PG-SGA), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Scale (EORTC QLQ-C30), respectively. According to the SSA score, patients were divided into a mild dysphagia group (n=89) and a moderate to severe dysphagia group (n=67). The incidence of malnutrition, PG-SGA total score, and quality of life scores were compared between the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted.
Results The incidence of malnutrition in the moderate to severe dysphagia group was 71.64% (48/67), significantly higher than the 28.09% (25/89) in the mild group (P<0.05); The total score of PG-SGA (14.25 ± 3.61 vs 8.56 ± 2.93) was higher (P<0.05). The scores of the moderate to severe group in EORTC QLQ-C30 were significantly lower than those of the mild group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that swallowing difficulties were significantly positively correlated with malnutrition (r=0.658, P<0.001) and significantly negatively correlated with quality of life scores (r=-0.612, P<0.001).
Conclusion   The more severe the swallowing difficulty after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the higher the risk of malnutrition and the poorer the quality of life.