摘要
体外循环是心血管外科手术的核心生命支持技术，但其非生理过程易引发炎症反应、凝血障碍及器官损伤等并发症。本文系统讲述该技术的演进，重点分析其在心肌保护、血液管理与抗凝监测、器官损伤防护等关键环节的最新进展。通过对国内外文献的梳理与对比，探讨微创体外循环系统、目标导向精准灌注等前沿趋势。
关键词： 体外循环；心肌保护；血液管理；微创化；精准灌注
Abstract
Extracorporeal circulation serves as the core life support technology in cardiovascular surgery, yet its non-physiological nature predisposes patients to complications such as inflammatory responses, coagulation disorders, and organ injury. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of this technology, focusing on recent advancements in critical areas including myocardial protection, blood management and anticoagulation monitoring, and organ injury prevention. Through a systematic review and comparison of domestic and international literature, it explores cutting-edge trends such as minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation systems and goal-directed precision perfusion.
Key words： Extracorporeal circulation; Myocardial protection; Blood management; Minimally invasive techniques; Targeted perfusion
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