A review of methods for identifying the identity of unknown corpses
未知名尸体身份鉴别的方法综述

摘要

法医学的关键任务中，包含尸体身份鉴别，对重大灾害、刑事案件以及无名尸体的处理有着关键意义。伴随分子生物学、影像学跟法医物证技术的逐步发展，传统识别途径得到了大幅拓展，诸如DNA遗传标记、牙齿学特征、骨骼形态分析、三维重建技术和痕迹物证的手段，能于不同条件里彼此补全，尤其是针对高度腐败、碳化或者降解的样本，依旧具备良好的适应性。源物证的整合分析为个体识别给予科学依据，在司法鉴定和灾害应急相关领域展现出广泛应用价值和技术走向。

Abstract

The key tasks of forensic science include identifying the identity of corpses, which is of great significance for major disasters, criminal cases, and the handling of unidentified bodies. With the gradual development of molecular biology, imaging, and forensic evidence technology, traditional identification methods have been greatly expanded, such as DNA genetic markers, dental features, bone morphology analysis, 3D reconstruction technology, and trace evidence methods, which can complement each other under different conditions, especially for highly decomposed, carbonized, or degraded samples, and still have good adaptability. The integrated analysis of source material evidence provides scientific basis for individual identification, and demonstrates wide application value and technological direction in the fields of judicial appraisal and disaster emergency response.