Research on preventive maintenance in medical equipment management
预防性维护在医疗设备管理中的研究

摘要

进入21世纪后，国民生活条件、生活方式、饮食习惯均发生了极大改变，这些改变均无形中促进了各类疾病的发生发展趋势，导致医疗负担加大。医疗设备作为现代医学的“基础设施”，技术革新直接决定诊疗水平的天花板。医疗器械是指单独或组合用于人体的仪器、设备、装置、材料或其他物品，包括所需的软件。它们用于疾病预防、诊断、治疗、监护、缓解、损伤诊断、治疗、监护、缓解、功能补偿、检查、替代、调节或支持生理结构和过程，以及生命支持或维持。医疗设备的稳定运行是保障医疗服务质量和患者安全的核心基础，随着医疗技术的快速发展，设备复杂度和临床依赖性显著提高，传统的被动维护模式已难以满足需求。预防性维护（PM）作为一种系统化、前瞻性的管理策略，通过定期检查、维护和优化，有效降低设备故障率，延长设备使用寿命，已成为现代医疗设备管理中的关键环节。本文结合行业实践，构建 “风险分层-技术赋能-生态协同” 三维维护体系，探讨物联网、AI 预测等前沿技术的应用路径，分析成本效益与实施挑战，旨在为现代化医院设备管理提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract

After entering the 21st century, living conditions, lifestyles, and dietary habits of the people have undergone significant changes. These changes have inadvertently promoted the development and spread of various diseases, leading to an increased medical burden. Medical equipment, as the "infrastructure" of modern medicine, directly determines the ceiling of diagnostic and therapeutic levels through technological innovation. Medical devices refer to instruments, equipment, apparatuses, materials, or other items used alone or in combination for human use, including required software. They are used for disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, relief, injury diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, relief, functional compensation, examination, replacement, regulation, or support of physiological structures and processes, as well as life support or maintenance. The stable operation of medical equipment is the core foundation for ensuring the quality of medical services and patient safety. With the rapid development of medical technology, the complexity and clinical dependence of equipment have significantly increased, making traditional passive maintenance models inadequate. Preventive Maintenance (PM), as a systematic and forward-looking management strategy, effectively reduces equipment failure rates and extends their lifespan through regular inspections, maintenance, and optimization. It has become a critical component in modern medical equipment management. This article, combining industry practices, constructs a three-dimensional maintenance system of "risk stratification-technology empowerment-ecosystem collaboration," explores the application paths of cutting-edge technologies such as IoT and AI prediction, analyzes cost-effectiveness and implementation challenges, aiming to provide theoretical and practical references for modern hospital equipment management.